Basalt US b ə ˈ s ɔː l t ˈ b eɪ s ɒ l t UK ˈ b 230 s ɔː l t ˈ b 230 s əl t is a mafic extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of magnesiumrich and ironrich lava exposed at or very near the surface of a terrestrial planet or a moon More than 90 of all volcanic rock on Earth is basalt Basalt lava has a low viscosity due to its low silica content
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